Options in the "Beams/Walls" menu in the "Results" tab
Consulting beam errors
To view beam errors in the program after analysing the structure, open the "Results" tab and select the "Beams/Walls" menu at the top of the interface.
Next, select "Beam errors" and click on any of the beams in the group.
Beams with any verification errors will be highlighted in red.
The program will indicate the reference of the beam, frame and span. Then, in the "Errors" table, it will display a list of warnings generated after the analysis:
- If the selected beam passes all checks, the text "No errors" will be displayed.
- If the text "Some of the checks have not been verified" is displayed, it is possible to "Consult checks carried out" in a pop-up window using the corresponding button.
The "Previous" or "Next" options allow you to move from one beam in the group to another, while the "Edit" button gives you access to the beam editor. To close this window, use the "Exit" option.
Accessing the beam editor
CYPECAD automatically designs the reinforcement of beams during the analysis process in order to comply with the various checks required by the selected standards. It is then possible to view and edit the reinforcement arranged in the beams and check the modifications made.
The beam editor can be accessed from the "Results" tab in several ways, after opening the Beams/Walls menu at the top of the interface:
- Using the "Edit beams" option and selecting one of the beams in the group.
- Using the "Beam errors" option, select one of the beams in the group and then click on the "Edit" option.
The beam editor may appear differently depending on the regulations used. The advanced beam editor will appear if you are working with regulations that allow its use.
Beam editor
The beam editor allows users to review the internal forces, design, and checks automatically performed by the program for all beams in the job. Using the editor, you can modify the reinforcement or steel sections used and verify all the changes made, then generate detailed check reports.
Beam editor interface
The interface of the beam editor includes the following areas and features:
Top toolbar
- At the top of the window, various editing and verification tools are available for the beams in the displayed frame.
Viewers
- The main viewer in the upper right displays a longitudinal section view of the frame being edited. For reinforced concrete beams, it shows the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement generated after calculation. At the top, the generated cross sections are also shown.
- The secondary viewer at the bottom displays the "Reinforcement area graphs". The required area is shown in red, and the effective area of the placed reinforcement in green. The most critical or most used points in terms of reinforcement are those where the effective reinforcement graph is closest to the required reinforcement graph.
Side options panel
- On the left side, in the "Display" section, the program indicates the "Group" and the "Frame" currently shown in the viewer. The "Centre on beam" option allows you to centre the view on the desired beam, while activating "Plan view of frames" adds a schematic plan view. Clicking the left and right arrows allows you to navigate to the next group, frame, or beam. It is also possible to lock the reinforcement of the frame using the corresponding button. This will prevent the program from modifying the frame’s design in subsequent analyses, but it will not prevent manual edits in the editor.
- In the "Force diagrams" section, visibility of various internal forces is enabled, along with their scale and colour, such as the bending moment, shear force, axial force, or torsional moment.
- The lower dropdown menu lets you choose whether to view the "Envelope" of forces or one of the available "Load cases" or "Combinations"
- If the options "ULS and SLS checks at critical point", "ULS and SLS checks at a point", or "Check deflection in spans" are selected at the top, additional options for "Deflection" appear in this side panel, which can be reviewed in the same way as the force diagrams.
- In the "Configuration" subsection, you can choose whether the force diagrams are shown "Above the frame" or "Below the frame". Additional options include "Offset bending moment diagrams", "Mark zero moment points", and "Show values", which allows hovering over the diagram to see the force value at a specific section, as well as "Show maximum values".
- In the "Reinforcement area graphs" section, the "Show graphs" option toggles the display of the secondary viewer. Users can select whether to display the "Longitudinal reinforcement area" or the "Transverse reinforcement area", and whether to show it "By resistance and minimum ratios" or only "By resistance". It's also possible to "Show area values" in the viewer by enabling the last option.
Beam editor tools
The tools at the top of the beam editor allow the following operations to be performed.
- First, it is possible to "Redo", "Undo", or "Save" the changes made using the options described below
- The "Editing resources" button (available in CYPECAD) allows you to insert graphic aids such as lines, text, and dimensions on the drawing.
- Further to the right, there are options to modify the "Longitudinal reinforcement" and "Transverse reinforcement of the beam", as well as to insert "Openings" in the beam.
- For specific cases involving truss beams and prestressed beams, it is possible to modify the "Trusses", "Infilled" beams, and the selection of "Prestressed beams".
- The "Transverse sections" option allows them to be generated automatically, to "Enter a transverse section defined by a single point" or "Enter a transverse section defined by two points", and to delete them. Cross sections are displayed above the frame.
- The "Edit section" option allows the beam's section to be modified.
- "Shear studs for composite beams" can also be modified for this type of beam.
- The "Redesign" option forces the program to automatically re-design the frame using the internal forces from the analysis, applying the reinforcement tables and discarding any manual modifications made.
- The "Checks" option allows you to examine the series of sections used in steel, composite, or timber beams. The program displays a table indicating the "Section that passes all the checks" and the "Section that fails a check", along with the reason stated in the "Errors" column. It also displays each section’s "Weight", "Usage due to resistance", and "Demand capacity ratio - deflection". Selecting one and accepting will result in a section change.
- By selecting "U.L.S. and S.L.S. checks at the worst case point" and then clicking on a beam, the program shows the results of each check at the most unfavourable point. All performed checks are shown individually, each marked with its "Status". At the bottom, the verified code clause or article is displayed, along with a breakdown of the analysis process followed in each case. To obtain a detailed report of all checks, use the "View full report" option. This information can be "Exported" in different formats, "Shared", or "Printed".
- To obtain "U.L.S. and S.L.S. checks at a point", click on the corresponding option and then select the desired beam. The program will show a series of points along the beam, representing the locations of the verification sections. Clicking on any of them displays the specific check report for that point. As with the previous option, you can "View full report", as well as "Export", "Share", or "Print" the information.
- The "Consult deflections in spans" option allows you to move the pointer over the spans of the selected beam to display the calculated deflection information.
- Additionally, the "Deflection groups" option (available in CYPECAD) allows automatic generation or manual editing, as well as merging or splitting of existing deflection groups. It is also possible to modify the "Support conditions" of the beam by selecting one of the available predefined cases, and to define the "Deflection type" as "Secant deflection", "Tangent to start node", or "Tangent to end node".
- Similarly, the "Consult the required and effective areas" option allows you to move the cursor along a beam and view the steel areas at the point where the pointer is located.
- The "Update error information" option forces the program to recheck the frame after modifications have been made to its section or reinforcement. After using this option, you can return to the check reports and review the outcome of the changes.
- Lastly, the "Show/Hide issues" option enables or disables the display of issues. These are shown in the main viewer over the beam with problems. Hovering the pointer over them displays an informational message explaining the issue.
Editing longitudinal reinforcement of beams
The editing tools for longitudinal reinforcement are located at the top of the beam editor window and include the following:
- Assembly options
- Enter assembly reinforcement
- Enter additional reinforcement
- Enter skin reinforcement
- Enter splice reinforcement
- Divide reinforcement
- Enter overlaps
- Join
- Divide pack
- Move to another layer
- Edit
- Edit bends
- Delete
These options are explained below:
Assembly options
This option allows you to choose whether to use the general configuration for assembling reinforcement defined in "General project data" (Project > General data > By position > Beam options > Design / Check > Mounting reinforcement) or to use the options "Specific to the frame".
Enter assembly reinforcement
The "Enter assembly reinforcement" option allows you to select a beam that does not already have defined assembly reinforcement, or to define the initial and final nodes of the assembly reinforcement cage, as long as they are aligned.
Next, you specify the top and bottom reinforcement, the layout of the transverse reinforcement, and the bend definitions at the bar ends.
The program also allows you to "Import an admissible arrangement from the assembly reinforcement table" by clicking the button on the right. After selecting a row in the table, accept the panel.
Enter additional reinforcement
To "Enter additional reinforcement", you define the number of bars and their diameter. Optionally, you can "Select the layer upon entering the reinforcement".
Then, position the pointer on the top or bottom of the frame, depending on where the reinforcement is to be placed, and click two points to define the spacing between the ends of the reinforcement bundle.
Enter skin reinforcement
To "Enter skin reinforcement", simply click on the beam and specify the number and diameter of the bars.
This reinforcement will be placed on both sides of the beam.
Enter splice reinforcement
To "Enter splice reinforcement", click one end of the beam, move the pointer inward across the span, and click again to indicate the "Distance" between bars.
Next, define the number and diameter of bars, spacing, "Distance to the bottom surface", and "Anchorage length".
Divide reinforcement
The "Divide reinforcement" option allows you to select a point on a reinforcement bar and introduce a lap, splitting the bar into two bundles.
In the "Lap layout" section of the dialogue box, you can select the lap type:
- Lap centred on the selected cut point
- Lap to the left of the selected cut point
- Lap to the right of the selected cut point
At the bottom, you specify the "Lap length".
Enter overlaps
The "Enter overlaps" option allows you to select a point on a reinforcement bar and enter a lap without splitting the reinforcement group.
As with the previous option, in the "Lap layout" section, you can choose:
- Lap centred on the selected cut point
- Lap to the left of the selected cut point
- Lap to the right of the selected cut point
You also define the "Lap length", and additionally, the "Distance to the origin of the bar".
Join
The "Join" option allows you to combine multiple reinforcement bundles of the same type and face into a single one.You must specify the number of bars that will form the new bundle.
The program will take the diameter from the first selected bundle.
Divide pack
The "Divide pack" option allows a reinforcement bundle containing at least two bars to be divided into multiple bundles, enabling independent editing.
You must specify how many bars will be separated to form the new pack.
Place in another layer
The "Place in another layer" option allows you to select one or more reinforcement bundles and, after right-clicking, specify the layer where they will be placed.
These changes are evident in the beam's cross section. The program also considers the reduced lever arm in design checks when these changes are made.
Edit
The "Edit" option allows direct modification of reinforcement bars displayed in the main viewer after calculation.
Editing assembly reinforcement
Clicking on the assembly reinforcement lets you adjust the number of bars and select their diameter for both the "Top" and "Bottom" layers.
You can also modify the "Transverse" reinforcement by clicking the corresponding button. In the resulting window, you can edit the Type of stirrup or "Type of branch", add stirrups or branches of different types by clicking on the longitudinal bars in the graphic, or "Delete reinforcement".
Editing additional reinforcement
To edit additional reinforcement, click on the descriptive labels of the bars in the main viewer. You can modify the number and diameter of bars, their Length, and the Distance between them, as well as the length and type of "Bend" if an end is selected.
When hovering near a bar’s end, a double arrow appears. Clicking it allows you to lengthen or shorten the bar. The program displays the bar’s total length on screen during this adjustment.
Edit bends
The "Edit bends" option allows you to modify bar hooks. All bends in the frame can be selected by drawing a selection box over it.
You can set the "Length" and select a "Specific type of bend" from the following:
- 90º bend
- 90º bend with horizontal extension
- 135º bend
- 180º bend
Delete
To delete reinforcement, use the "Delete" option and click on the reinforcement to remove it.
Verification, checks and saving changes
After making any reinforcement modifications, click the "Update error information" option in the top toolbar to verify the frame after the changes.
Once this is done, you can use the "U.L.S. and S.L.S. checks at the worst case point" and "U.L.S. and S.L.S. checks at a point" options to view the check reports and examine the results of your changes.
Finally, you can "Save" your work on the frame using the corresponding option.
If you want to exit the editor without keeping the changes, you can close the editing window and confirm in the dialogue box that appears.
CYPECAD - Options in the "Beams/Walls" menu in the "Results" tab
Licencias y módulos relacionados
Los programas de CYPE se activan mediante licencias electrónicas que pueden contener uno o varios módulos. La lista de módulos compatibles con cada programa puede variar en función del producto adquirido y del tipo de licencia.
Para consultar la lista de módulos compatibles con este programa, se puede acceder a "Módulos de los programas de CYPE".
Es importante tener en cuenta que la lista de módulos disponibles en la licencia dependerá del producto adquirido.
