CYPETHERM programs - Air conditioning systems

Manually defined centralised production systems

To manually add a new centralised production system, select the "Air conditioning systems" section in the building diagram and click on the "New air conditioning system" button in the top toolbar.

This will display a pop-up window in which the type of production system can be selected from "Water-air conditioning system", "Direct expansion system" (refrigerant), "Air-air conditioning system" or "Water-cooled system".

By choosing one of these general typologies, a new window opens where the specific type of system is selected and its characteristics are defined.

• Water-air conditioning system
  • Chilled-water system
  • Hot-water system
  • Domestic heat pump system
  • Geometric heat pump

• Direct expansion systems
  • Variable refrigerant flow systems (VRF)
  • Multisplit

• Air-air conditioning system
  • Central ventilation system
    • Heat recovery unit
    • Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS)
  • Air handling unit, constant air flow system
  • Air handling unit, variable airflow system
  • Air handling unit, constant flow all-air system with double duct
  • Air handling unit, variable flow all-air system with double duct

• Water-cooled system
  • Water-cooled system for reversible heat pumps
  • Water-cooled system for chillers
  • Water condensation system at a defined temperature

When a new centralised production system has been created, it will appear as an element in the "Air conditioning systems" section of the diagram. When it is selected, the editing panel is displayed on the centre right-hand side of the general interface.

Using the options in the "Edit" group of the upper toolbar or by right-clicking on the element in the diagram, it can also be duplicated, deleted, moved in the list, cut or copied.

Manually defining terminal units

Terminal units for air-conditioning systems are defined manually in a similar way to those for centralised production systems. To add a new terminal unit, select the "Terminal units" section of the building diagram, within the "Zone" where it is to be added, and click on the "New terminal unit" option in the top toolbar.

A pop-up window appears where the type of terminal unit is selected from among "Constant performance equipment", "Water terminal unit", "Direct expansion terminal unit", "Air terminal unit", "Electric heater" and "Heat recovery unit".

By choosing one of these general types, a new window opens in which the specific type of terminal unit is selected and its characteristics are defined.

• Electric heater

• Heat recovery unit

When the creation of a new terminal unit is completed, it will appear as an element within the "Terminal units" section of the diagram within each zone. When selected, its editing panel is displayed in the central right part of the general interface.

Using the options in the "Edit" group of the top toolbar or by right-clicking on the element in the diagram, it can also be duplicated, deleted, moved in the list, cut or copied.

Fans

The fans are defined in a similar way for all devices in the program:

• Maximum air flow rate / Air flow (optional)
  The air flow passing through the fan. If "Maximum air flow rate" is indicated in the panel, the air flow rate may vary during the simulation up to the value set in this box. If the air flow rate is not specified, the program will calculate the required air flow rate.
• Specific power
  The fan power consumption per m³/s of air flow it moves. If the performance value of the air conditioning unit includes the fan consumption, the value of the specific power can be set as 0 to avoid accounting for this consumption twice.
• Motor efficiency
  This is considered in the calculation of the heat losses of the electric motor of the fan, which will affect the supply air temperature according to the definition made in the following variable.
• Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  If the supply air flows through the fan motor, the heat losses of the fan motor will cause an increase in air temperature. To consider this, a value of 1 should be set. If, on the other hand, the fan motor is outside the air flow, its heat losses will not affect it, so a value of 0 should be set.

Circulator pumps

Circulator pumps are also defined in a similar way in the different types of hydraulic circuits:

• Control
  • Intermittent
    If the control is intermittent, the pump is switched on and off at the same time as the air conditioning system.
  • Continuous
    If the control is continuous, the pump is always on, even if there is no demand. In long periods of no demand, heat losses from the pump accumulate in the fluid, which can cause a significant rise in its temperature.
• Configuration
  The "Constant flow" and "Variable flow" represent a fixed or variable speed pump, respectively.
• Type
  Allows users to choose the number of identical pumps contained in the hydraulic circuit and their position.
• Rated head
  The pump head is involved in the analysis of the power consumption.

The electrical power of the circulation pump (P) is obtained from the water flow rate (V̇) and the head (H). The motor considers a fixed pump efficiency value equal to 0.78.

New air conditioning system

In the first window, the new system must be named and its type must be chosen between water, direct expansion, air or constant performance air-conditioning systems.

Type of air conditioning system

In the second step of the wizard, the type of air conditioning system must be selected according to the previously chosen category.

Selecting zones

In the third step, the zones of the building to be associated with the climate control system must be selected. Subsequently, the wizard automatically creates the defined system terminal units in each of the selected zones and connects them to a centralised production system if necessary. The following options are available:

• Replace the systems introduced previously
  Selecting this option deletes the terminal units that already exist in the selected zones. When deleting terminal units, the air conditioning systems in the job may no longer be connected to the terminal units. In this case, when finishing, the wizard asks whether the unused systems are to be deleted.
• Add a supply system per zone
  Esta opción aparece en caso de haber escogido un sistema de This option appears if an air conditioning system has been chosen. If this option is selected, the number of air conditioning units will be added to the number of zones selected, each one connected to the terminal units defined in each zone.
• Add a supply system per zone
  If this option is chosen, the number of production units selected will be added to the number of zones selected, each one connected to the units defined in each zone. Depending on the type of system chosen, these units can be either terminal units directly or air conditioning units with water coils.

Terminal units

The next steps of the wizard are related to the different elements that make up the chosen type of air conditioning system. This is where their characteristics can be defined. In general, the definition panels corresponding to the terminal units and air conditioning systems available in the program will be displayed as required.

To describe the other options available in the wizard, the definition of a fan coil air-conditioning system connected to a water-cooled chiller and a combi boiler for heating and DHW is shown.

When defining this system, the next step offered by the wizard is the definition of fancoil-type terminal units. The terminal units defined in this step will be added to all the zones selected in the previous step. More than one terminal unit of the same type can be created in the zone using the list on the panel (depending on the combination possibilities of air conditioning systems offered by the program).

Production system / Water condensation system

The next step is to define the centralised production units (or air handling units in the case of air systems) to which the terminal units will be connected. In this example, the wizard shows the water heating and cooling systems.

The following options are available for each system:

• Add
  Allows users to define a new air conditioning system.
• Select
  Allows users to select an air conditioning system of the corresponding type from those defined in the job. If the "Add a production system/air-conditioning unit per zone" option was selected in the third step of the wizard, a system must be added for each selected zone.
• With domestic hot water production (optional)
  This option is exclusive to hot water production systems ("Hot-water system" and "Air-source heat pump"). This allows users to define a combined air-conditioning and domestic hot water system.

In this example, a new hot-water system has been defined using the "With domestic hot water production" option, and a new water-cooling system containing a water-cooled condensing chiller. The wizard detects the needs of the selected units, and in the next step proposes the definition of the condensing system for the chiller.

Domestic hot water system

Finally, the wizard displays the definition of the domestic hot water system to be added, based on the characteristics of the previously defined hot water production system units. If several boilers have been defined, the boiler that produces domestic hot water must be specified in order to be able to calculate its characteristics. The wizard's proposal can be accepted or edited.

When the wizard has been completed, the various elements of the defined system are added to the job layout and the necessary ventilation options are chosen at zone level.

If a DHW system has been added with the wizard, the definition depends on the selection previously made in "General parameters" for the "Daily DHW demand":

• If the "Total building demand" has been defined, the wizard creates a single DHW system for the building.
• If the "Demand by thermal zone" has been defined, the wizard creates a single DHW system by default that serves the zones selected in step 3 of the wizard. In this case, when "Add a supply system per zone" has been selected in the wizard, one DHW system is created for each zone.

Activation sequence

During this simulation, the terminal units in the zone are activated sequentially until the thermal load of the zone is overcome, according to the order defined in the "Activation sequence" sections, distinguishing between "Heating" and "Cooling".

The terminal unit responsible for the zone ventilation, if present, is always activated first.

Automatic sizing options

The automatic heating/cooling sizing options are advanced features that allow users to edit the parameters that EnergyPlus™ uses to determine the characteristics of the HVAC units that have not been specified by the user (autosize function):

• Zone heating sizing factor/Zone cooling sizing factor
  The scaling factor on the calculated thermal load in the zone. The capacity of the air-conditioning units is determined by the thermal load of the zone multiplied by this factor.
• Zone heating design supply air temperature input method/Zone cooling design supply air temperature input method
  The air flows that the units must deliver to overcome the thermal load are calculated based on a user-defined design supply temperature. Three options are available:
  • Supply air temperature
    The design supply air temperature for heating/cooling must be defined.
  • Temperature jump
    The temperature difference between supply air and zone temperature must be defined.
  • System supply air temperature
    This is only valid if the zone is connected to an all-air system. The "supply air temperature" shall be taken as the supply air temperature defined as the cooling/heating design supply temperature on the panel of the air handling unit of the all-air system.
• Zone heating design supply air humidity ratio/Zone cooling design supply air humidity ratio

The constant performance unit can be used to represent any air-conditioning system based on its power, its seasonal average heat or cold production performance and the type of energy it consumes (energy vector). It behaves like an ideal unit, capable of instantaneously overcoming the thermal loads of the zone in which it is located (infinite power unit), totally or up to the indicated power value, thus covering the heating or cooling energy demand of the zone.

Only one constant performance equipment can be defined per zone.

Three types of constant performance equipment are available: heating only, cooling only, and heating and cooling.

Heating

This allows users to enter constant performance equipment capable of covering the heating energy demand of the area.

• Capacity (optional)
• Average seasonal efficiency 
• Type of energy vector (Electricity / Natural gas / Diesel / LPG / Coal / Biomass  / Densified biomass (pellets) / Environment)
• Operation programming (Always available / With established operating time)

Cooling

This allows users to enter constant performance equipment capable of meeting the cooling energy demand of the area.

• Capacity (optional)
• Average seasonal efficiency 
• Type of energy vector (Electricity / Natural gas / Diesel / LPG / Coal / Biomass  / Densified biomass (pellets) / Environment)
• Operation programming (Always available / With established operating time)

Both

This allows users to enter constant performance equipment that can cover both the heating energy demand and the cooling energy demand of the area.

Heating

• Capacity (optional)
• Average seasonal efficiency 
• Type of energy vector (Electricity / Natural gas / Diesel / LPG / Coal / Biomass  / Densified biomass (pellets) / Environment)
• Operation programming (Always available / With established operating time)

Cooling

• Capacity (optional)
• Average seasonal efficiency 
• Type of energy vector (Electricity / Natural gas / Diesel / LPG / Coal / Biomass  / Densified biomass (pellets) / Environment)
• Operation programming (Always available / With established operating time)

Water terminal units include radiators, radiant floor heating and fan coils, that are connected to water-based air-conditioning systems such as boilers, chillers, air-source heat pumps and geothermal units.

Radiator

This simulates a radiator or a set of radiators arranged in the heating zone.

System

• Water terminal unit
  Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air-conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Heating

• Thermal capacity (optional)
  Allows users to specify a value for the thermal capacity of the radiator and for the following parameters:
  • Design room temperature
  • Design supply temperature
  • Design temperature difference

Radiant floor

This allows users to simulate radiant floor heating in the thermal zone.

System

• Hot-water system
  Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Heating

• Heating capacity (optional)
  Allows users to specify a value for the thermal power of the radiant floor and for the following parameters:
  • Design room temperature
  • Design supply temperature
  • Design temperature difference

Generic

This is used to simulate a generic fan coil or the set of generic fan coils arranged in the thermal zone.

System (Water loop / Air-source heat pump / Geothermal)

• Water loop
  • Hot-water system
    Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
  • Chilled-water system
    Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
• Air-source heat pump
  • Air-source heat pump system
    Allows users to select an air-source heat pump system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
• Geothermal
  • Geometric heat pump
    Allows users to select a geometric heat pump defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Control

The fan coil power is controlled by varying the water and/or air flow rate.

• Capacity control method (Constant air flow, variable water flow / Variable air flow, variable water flow / Cycling air flow, constant water flow / Variable air flow, constant water flow)
• Low speed supply air flow ratio
• Medium speed supply air flow ratio

Supply fan

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  If the fan coil flow rate is not specified, EnergyPlus™ automatically calculates the flow rate to overcome all the loads in the zone according to the zone's "Automatic sizing options".
• Specific power
• Motor efficiency
• Motor heat losses fraction in air stream

Manufacturer

This is used to simulate a manufacturer's fan coil in the thermal zone.

System (Water loop / Air-source heat pump / Geothermal)

• Water loop
  • Hot-water system
    Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air-conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
  • Chilled-water system
    Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
• Air-source heat pump
  • Air-source heat pump system
    Allows users to select an air-source heat pump system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
• Geothermal
  • Geometric heat pump
    Allows users to select a geometric heat pump defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Equipment

• Open BIM Database equipment selection
  Allows users to select a fan coil from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Direct expansion terminal units include the interior units of 1x1 split systems, multisplit systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, compact window units and water-to-air heat pumps in a closed loop.

Split 1x1

This includes 1x1 split units and 1x1 ducted units. In the latter case, there is no need to simulate the duct network because all ducts must lead to the same heating zone. Furthermore, heat losses in the ducts are not considered in the program.

Manufacturer

This is used to simulate a manufacturer's 1x1 split system in the thermal zone.

Indoor unit

• Open BIM Database indoor unit selection
  Allows users to select a 1x1 split indoor unit from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Multisplit

Manufacturer

Allows users to simulate a manufacturer's multi-split indoor unit in the thermal zone.

System

• Multisplit system
  Allows users to select a multisplit system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Indoor unit

• Selecting the Open BIM Database indoor unit
  Allows users to select a multisplit indoor unit from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Generic

This allows users to simulate an indoor unit of a generic variable refrigerant flow system placed in the thermal zone.

System

• VRF
  Allows users to select a VRF system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Cooling

• Cooling coil type (Variable refrigerant flow / None)
  Sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Variable refrigerant flow
    • Gross rated sensible heat ratio (optional)
    • Gross rated total capacity  (optional)

Heating

• Heating coil type (Variable refrigerant flow / None)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Variable refrigerant flow
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Rated total heatinc capacity sizing ratio

Supply fan

• Position (Blow through / Draw through)
• Supply air flow
  • Cooling mode (optional)
  • Cooling mode, no load (optional)
  • Heating mode (optional)
  • Heating mode, no load (optional)
• Specific power
• Motor efficiency

Electrical accessories

• Zone terminal unit On parasitic electric energy use
• Zone terminal unit Off parasitic electric energy use

Manufacturer

This is used to simulate an indoor unit of a manufacturer's variable refrigerant flow system in the thermal zone.

System

• Variable refrigerant flow system (VRF)
  Allows users to select a variable refrigerant flow rate system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or enter it directly.

Indoor unit

• Open BIM Database indoor unit selection
  Allows users to select an indoor unit of a variable refrigerant flow system from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

PTAC

Cooling

• Gross rated total capacity (optional)
• Nominal cooling COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Gross rated sensible heat ratio

Heating

• Gross rated capacity (optional)
• Heating coil type (Electrical / Hot water / Gas)
  This sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Electrical
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a water heating system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
  • Gas
    • Gas heating coil efficiency
    • Parasitic electric load

Supply fan

• Supply air flow
  • Cooling mode (optional)
  • Heating mode (optional)
  • No load (optional)
• Position (Blow through / Draw through)
• Specific power
• Motor efficiency

PTHP

Cooling

• Gross rated total capacity (optional)
• Nominal cooling COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Gross rated sensible heat ratio

Heating

• Gross rated capacity (optional)
• Gross rated heating COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Minimum outdoor temperature

Supply fan

• Supply air flow
  • Cooling mode (optional)
  • Heating mode (optional)
  • No load (optional)
• Position (Blow through / Draw through)
• Specific power
• Motor efficiency

Auxiliary heater

• Gross rated capacity (optional)
• Maximum outdoor temperature
• Heating coil type (Electrical / Hot water / Gas)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Electric
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a water heating system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
  • Gas
    • Gas heating coil efficiency
    • Parasitic electric load

Defrost mode

• Defrost strategy (Resistive / Reverse cycle)
  • Resistive defrost heater capacity
• Defrost mode maximum outdoor temperature
• Control (Timed / On demand)
  • Heat pump defrost time period fraction

Water to air heat pump

System

• Water-cooled system
  Allows users to select a water-cooled system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Cooling

• Gross rated total capacity (optional)
• Nominal cooling COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Gross rated sensible heat ratio

Heating

• Gross rated capacity (optional)
• Gross rated heating COP

Supply fan

• Position (Blow through / Draw through)
• Supply air flow
  • Cooling mode (optional)
  • Heating mode (optional)
  • No load (optional)
• Specific power
• Motor efficiency

Auxiliary heater

• Heating coil type (Electric / Hot water)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a water heating system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Advanced operating options

• Water flow control (Constant / Cycling / Constant on demand 
• Maximum cycling rate
• Heat pump time constant
• Fraction of on-cycle power use
• Heat pump fan delay time

Air terminal units represent the supply air terminals (diffusers, grilles, nozzles, etc.) into which the ducts of the all-air systems flow.

In the program, these must be connected to an air conditioning system (such as an air handling unit), depending on their type.

Air-air conditioning system

System

• Air handling unit, constant air flow system
  Allows users to select an air handling unit, constant air flow system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Air supply

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)

Reheat (optional)

• Heating coil (Hot water / Electric / Gas)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a water heating system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
    • Gross rated capacity
    • Advanced configuration
      • Rated inlet water temperature
      • Rated outlet water temperature
      • Rated inlet air temperature
      • Rated outlet air temperature
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity

Central ventilation system

System

• Central ventilation system
  Allows users to select a central ventilation system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

System

• Air handling unit, constant flow all-air system with double duct
  Allows users to select an air handling unit, constant flow all-air system with double duct central ventilation system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Air supply

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)

System

• Air handling unit, variable airflow system
  Allows users to select an air handling unit, variable airflow system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Air supply

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)
• Minimum air flow fraction (optional)

Fan (optional)

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Position (Series / Parallel)
    • Series
      • Motor efficiency
    • Parallel
      • Motor efficiency
      • Fraction of airflow to activate the fan

Reheat (optional)

• Heating coil (Hot water / Electric / Gas)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
    • Gross rated capacity
    • Advanced configuration
      • Rated inlet water temperature
      • Rated outlet water temperature
      • Rated inlet air temperature
      • Rated outlet air temperature
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity

System

• Air handling unit, variable flow all-air system with double duct
  Allows users to select an air handling unit, variable flow all-air system with double duct defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.

Air supply

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)
• Minimum air flow fraction

This terminal unit represents the electric heating units in the zone (Joule heating), such as electric radiators or fan heaters.

Heating

• Heating capacity (optional)
  Allows users to specify a value for the heating capacity of the electric heater.

This terminal unit represents a heat recovery unit in the thermal zone.

Water-based air-conditioning systems include units such as boilers, chillers and air-source heat pump units, as well as the hot or cold water distribution network. Terminal units that may be connected to these systems include radiators, radiant floor heating and fan coils.

Chilled-water system

The definition of chilled-water systems is presented in two sections: "Cold water production equipment" and "Cold water distribution".

Cold water production equipment (chillers)

This section defines the cold water production equipment (chillers) connected in parallel to the cold water distribution network. A maximum of 10 units can be used.

• Reference
  Reference of the unit.
• Cooling
  • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Sizing factor
      If the users do not define a power value, the power of the unit will be determined from the heat load of the zone multiplied by this factor.
  • Nominal cooling COP
• Condenser
  • Condenser type (Air cooled /  Water cooled / Evaporatively cooled)
• Operating parameters
  • Leaving chilled water lower temperature limit
  • Minimum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the minimum power and the gross rated capacity of the unit. Below this load value, the unit operates by switching on and off.
  • Maximum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the minimum power and the gross rated capacity of the unit. If it is greater than 1, the unit can cover loads above its gross rated capacity.
  • Optimum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the power that the unit can develop and the gross rated capacity that ensures a higher efficiency. This data only applies if there is more than one unit and, in the "Operating parameters", the loads are to be distributed taking into account this optimum ratio.
  • Minimum compressor unloading ratio
• Performance curves
  • Default
    • Electric centrifugal chiller / Electric screw chiller / Electric reciprocating chiller
  • User-defined

Cold water distribution

This section defines the design and operating parameters of the cold water distribution network as well as the circulation pump.

• Design parameters
  These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the cold water circuit.
  • Design setpoint temperature
  • Design delta temperature
  • Type of fluid (Water / Ethylene glycol / Propylene glycol)
• Circulating pump
  • Control (Intermittent / Continuous)
    • Intermittent
      If the control is intermittent, the pump is switched on and off at the same time as the system.
    • Continuous
      If the control is continuous, the pump is always on, even if there is no demand. In long periods of no demand, heat losses from the pump accumulate in the fluid, which can cause a significant rise in its temperature.
  • Configuration (Constant primary no secondary / Variable primary no secondary / Constant primary variable secondary)
  • Primary loop pump type (Single pump / Pump per chiller / Two headered pumps / Three headered pumps / Four headered pumps / Five headered pumps)
  • Primary loop pump rated head
• Operating parameters
  • Minimum outdoor temperature
    Below this temperature value, the production units do not switch on even if there is demand in the zones.
  • Load distribution scheme (Optimal / Sequential load / Uniform load / Uniform PLR / Sequential uniform PLR)
    This allows users to control the activation of the production units.
    • Optimal
      The units share the load sequentially until the optimum partial load ratio (PLR) indicated for each generator is reached.
    • Sequential load
      The devices are switched on successively, in the order listed, until the load has expired.
    • Uniform load
      The units share the load equally.
    • Uniform PLR
      The units share the load proportionally to their gross rated capacity.
    • Sequential uniform PLR
      This determines how many devices are needed to overcome the load, and the load is distributed among them in proportion to their gross rated capacity. The rest of the units remain switched off.
  • Setpoint temperature control (Design setpoint temperature / Outdoor air temperature reset)
    During the simulation, the setpoint temperature indicated in this section shall be used.
• Piping system configuration
  The bypass pipes are used to regulate the power of the circuit in the simulation. They function as valves in a real installation. These options should not be deactivated.
  • Supply side bypass pipe (optional)
  • Demand side bypass pipe (optional)

Hot-water system

There are two sections in the definition of water heating systems: "Hot water production equipment" and "Hot water distribution".

Hot water production equipment

This section defines the hot water production units connected in parallel to the hot water distribution network. A maximum of 10 units can be provided.

Boiler

• Reference
  Reference of the unit.
• Heating
  • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    Allows users to specify a value for the gross rated capacity of the boiler.
    • Sizing factor
      If no power value has been defined, the power of the equipment shall be determined from the heat load of the zone multiplied by this factor.
  • Rated efficiency
    If the performance curve is not defined, the efficiency value of the boiler measured at the following nominal conditions must be given:
    • Conventional boiler: water outlet at 82°C / Condensing boiler: water inlet at 70°C.
  • Fuel type (Electricity / Natural gas / LPG / Diesel / Coal / Biomass / Densified biomass (pellets))
• Operating parameters
  • Water outlet upper temperature limit
  • Minimum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the minimum power and the gross rated capacity of the unit. Below this load value, the unit operates by switching on and off.
  • Maximum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the minimum power and the gross rated capacity of the unit. If it is greater than 1, the unit can cover loads above its gross rated capacity.
  • Optimum part load ratio
    This is the ratio between the power that the unit can develop and the gross rated capacity that ensures a higher efficiency. This data only applies if there is more than one unit and, in the "Operating parameters", the loads are to be distributed taking into account this optimum ratio.
• Performance curves
  • Default
    • Conventional boiler / Condensing boiler
  • User-defined

Air to water heat pump

• Reference
  Reference of the unit.
• Heating
  • Gross rated capacity (A7W35) (optional)
    Allows users to specify a value for the gross rated capacity of the air-to-water heat pump.
    • Sizing factor
      If no power value has been defined, the power of the equipment shall be determined from the heat load of the zone multiplied by this factor.
  • Gross rated heating COP (A7W35)

Hot water distribution

This section defines the design and operating parameters of the hot water distribution network as well as the circulating pump.

• Design parameters
  These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the hot water circuit.
  • Design setpoint temperature
  • Design delta temperature
  • Type of fluid (Water / Ethylene glycol / Propylene glycol)
• Circulating pump
  • Control (Intermittent / Continuous)
    • Intermittent
      If the control is intermittent, the pump is switched on and off at the same time as the system.
    • Continuous
      If the control is continuous, the pump is always on, even if there is no demand. In long periods of no demand, heat losses from the pump accumulate in the fluid, which can cause a significant rise in its temperature.
  • Configuration (Variable flow / Constant flow)
  • Primary loop pump type (Single pump / Pump per chiller / Two headered pumps / Three headered pumps / Four headered pumps / Five headered pumps)
  • Rated head
• Operating parameters
  • Maximum outdoor temperature
    Above this temperature value, the production units do not switch on even if there is demand in the zones.
  • Load distribution scheme (Optimal / Sequential load / Uniform load / Uniform PLR / Sequential uniform PLR)
    This allows the activation of production equipment to be controlled.
    • Optimal
      The units share the load sequentially until the optimum partial load ratio (PLR) indicated for each generator is reached.
    • Sequential load
      The devices are switched on successively, in the order listed, until the load has expired.
    • Uniform load
      The units share the load equally.
    • Uniform PLR
      The units share the load proportionally to their gross rated capacity.
    • Sequential uniform PLR
      This determines how many devices are needed to overcome the load, and the load is distributed among them in proportion to their gross rated capacity. The rest of the units remain switched off.
  • Setpoint temperature control (Design setpoint temperature / Outdoor air temperature reset)
    During the simulation, the setpoint temperature indicated in this section shall be used.
• Piping system configuration
  The bypass pipes are used to regulate the power of the circuit in the simulation. They function as valves in a real installation. These options should not be deactivated.
  • Supply side bypass pipe (optional)
  • Demand side bypass pipe (optional)

Aerothermal

• Open BIM Database unit selection
  Allows users to select an aerothermal system from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Heating

These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the water circuit.

• Design setpoint temperature
• Design delta temperature

Cooling (optional depending on the model)

These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the water circuit.

• Design setpoint temperature
• Design delta temperature

Operating mode (monthly)

• Heating / Cooling (optional) / Off

Geothermal

• Open BIM Database equipment selection
  Allows users to select a geothermal heat pump from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Heating

These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the water circuit.

• Design setpoint temperature
• Design setpoint temperature

Cooling (optional depending on model)

These parameters are used to automatically calculate the flow rate of the water circuit.

• Design setpoint temperature
• Design setpoint temperature

Geothermal circuit

Allows users to select a water condensation system at a defined temperature entered in the "Air conditioning systems" section.

• Water-cooled system

Operating mode (monthly)

• Heating / Cooling (optional) / Off

Direct expansion systems include variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems and multisplit systems which are connected to the corresponding direct expansion terminal units.

Other direct expansion systems such as 1x1 splits or compact units are modelled as stand-alone terminal units and do not require the introduction of an air-conditioning system in the specific section.

Generic

Characteristics

• With heat recovery (3 pipe) (optional)
• Fuel type (Electricity / Natural gas / LPG / Diesel / Coal / Biomass / Densified biomass (pellets))

Cooling

• Gross rated total capacity  (optional)
  Allows users to specify a value for the gross rated total capacity of the cooling unit.
• Nominal cooling COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Minimum outdoor temperature in cooling mode
  • Maximum outdoor temperature in cooling mode

Heating

• Gross rated capacity (optional)
  Allows users to specify a value for the gross rated capacity of the unit in heating mode.
• Gross rated heating COP
• Advanced configuration
  • Rated heating capacity sizing ratio
  • Minimum outdoor temperature in heating mode
  • Maximum outdoor temperature in heating mode

Refrigerant pipes

• Vertical height used for piping correction factor
• Equivalent piping length used for piping correction factor in cooling mode
• Equivalent piping length used for piping correction factor in heating mode

Condenser

• Condenser type (Air cooled / Water cooled / Evaporatively cooled)

Heat recovery mode

• Minimum outdoor temperature in heat recovery mode
• Maximum outdoor temperature in heat recovery mode

Control

• Minimum part load ratio
• Control of the operating mode (Load priority / Zone priority / Thermostat offset priority / Master thermostat priority)
  • Zone name for master thermostat location

Defrost mode

• Defrost strategy (Resistive / Reverse cycle)
  • Resistive defrost heater capacity
• Control (Timed / On demand)
  • Heat pump defrost time period fraction
• Defrost mode maximum outdoor temperature

Compressor crankcase heater

• Crankcase heater power per compressor
• Number of compressors
• Ratio of compressor size to toal compressor capacity
• Maximum outdoor temperature for crankcase heater

DManufacturer

Outdoor unit

• Open BIM Database unit selection
  Allows users to select a variable refrigerant flow system outdoor unit from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Refrigerant circuit

• Equivalent pipe length between the outdoor unit and furthest indoor unit
  The length of the refrigerant pipes is used to correct the output of the VRF system, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• Maximum height difference between the outdoor unit and indoor units
  The height difference between units is used to correct the power of the VRF system, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The height difference is indicated with a positive sign if the outdoor unit is installed above the indoor units and a negative sign if the outdoor unit is installed below the indoor units.
• Control of the operating mode (Load priority / Zone priority / Thermostat offset priority / Master thermostat priority)
  • Zone name for master thermostat location

Multisplit

Manufacturer

Outdoor unit

• Open BIM Database unit selection
  Allows users to select a variable refrigerant flow system outdoor unit from the manufacturers and models available in the Open BIM Database.

Refrigerant circuit

• Control of the operating mode (Load priority / Zone priority / Thermostat offset priority / Master thermostat priority)
  • Zone name for master thermostat location
• Total pipe length

Air-air conditioning systems include centralised ventilation systems and all-air systems with air-conditioning units. These systems are linked to air-conditioning terminal units defined in the zones.

Central ventilation systems are as follows:

• Heat recovery unit
• Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS)

Air handling units are classified according to the number of supply ducts and the type of control:

• Air handling unit, constant air flow system
• Air handling unit, variable airflow system
• Air handling unit, constant flow all-air system with double duct
• Air handling unit, variable flow all-air system with double duct

Heat exchanger

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Fans

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream

Outdoor air bypass

• Maximum indoor temperature
• Minimum outdoor temperature

Cooling (optional)

• Cooling coil type (Single speed DX / Cold water)
  Sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Single speed DX
    • Gross rated sensible heat ratio
      The gross rated sensible heat ratio is the ratio of the nominal sensible capacity to the gross rated capacity.
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Nominal cooling COP
  • Cold water
    • Chilled-water system
      Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
• Advanced configuration
  • Automatic sizing options
    • Design supply temperature
  • Temperature control
    • Setpoint temperature (Design supply temperature / Outdoor air temperature reset / Scheduled)

Heating (optional)

• Heating coil type (Single speed DX / Hot water / Gas / Electrical)
  This sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Single speed DX
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gross rated heating COP
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a water heating system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section or to enter it directly.
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Gas heating coil efficiency
      • Parasitic electric load
  • Electrical
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Automatic sizing options
    • Design supply temperature
  • Temperature control
    • Setpoint temperature (Design supply temperature / Outdoor air temperature reset / Scheduled)

Heat recovery (optional)

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Fans

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream

Humidity control

• Dehumidification (optional)
  • Humidity ratio setpoint
• Humidity ratio setpoint (optional)
  • Humidity ratio setpoint
  • Steam flow, nominal
  • Humidifier rated electric power (optional)

Cooling (optional)

• Cooling coil (Direct expansion / Cold water)
  This sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Supply air flow
    • Supply air flow (optional)
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gross rated sensible heat ratio (optional)
      The gross rated sensible heat ratio is the ratio of the nominal sensible capacity to the gross rated capacity.
    • Nominal cooling COP
  • Cold water
    • Chilled-water system
      Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
    • Supply air flow (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Automatic sizing options
        • Design supply temperature

Heating (optional)

• Heating coil (Direct expansion / Electric / Gas / Hot water)
  This sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Direct expansion
    • Supply air flow (optional)
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gross rated heating COP
    • Advanced configuration
      • Minimum outdoor temperature
      • Defrost mode
        • Defrost mode maximum outdoor temperature
        • Defrost strategy (Reverse cycle / Resistive)
        • Control (Timed / On demand)
          • Heat pump defrost time period fraction
  • Electric
    • Supply air flow (optional)
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Gas
    • Supply air flow (optional)
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Gas heating coil efficiency
      • Parasitic electric load
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
    • Supply air flow (optional)
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature

Supply fan

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Automatic air flow calculation (Simultaneous / Total)

Control

• Control zone

Free cooling (optional)

Heat recovery (optional)

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Supply fan (optional)

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Automatic air flow calculation (Simultaneous / Total)

Dehumidification (optional)

The dehumidification of the air is carried out by its cooling and subsequent reheating. To do this, you must define a cold battery and an auxiliary heater.

• Relative humidity setpoint

Humidification with steam (optional)

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Steam flow, nominal
• Humidifier rated electric power (optional)

• Heating coil (Electric / Gas / Desuperheater)
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gas heating coil efficiency
    • Parasitic electric load
  • Desuperheater

Cooling (optional)

• Cooling coil (Direct expansion / Cold water)
  This sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Supply air flow
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gross rated sensible heat ratio (optional)
      The gross rated sensible heat ratio is the ratio of the nominal sensible capacity to the gross rated capacity.
    • Nominal cooling COP
  • Cold water
    • Chilled-water system
      Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature
    • Temperature control (Maximum temperature / Minimum temperature)
      • Maximum temperature
        This option calculates the supply air temperature needed to overcome the cooling demand of the critical zone at the maximum supply flow rate. This temperature shall be as high as possible. Therefore, this strategy minimises the cooling generator consumption in exchange for higher fan consumption.
      • Minimum temperature
        This option calculates the supply air temperature needed to overcome the cooling demand of the critical zone at the maximum supply flow rate. This temperature shall be as low as possible. Therefore, this strategy minimises the cooling generator consumption in exchange for higher fan consumption.
        • Minimum air flow fraction
          The minimum air flow fraction must match the one defined in the terminal units connected to this unit.

Heating (optional)

• Heating coil (Direct expansion / Electric / Gas / Hot water)
  This sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Direct expansion
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Gross rated heating COP
    • Advanced configuration
      • Minimum outdoor temperature
      • Defrost mode
        • Defrost mode maximum outdoor temperature
        • Defrost strategy (Reverse cycle / Resistive)
        • Control (Timed / On demand)
          • Heat pump defrost time period fraction
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Gas heating coil efficiency
      • Parasitic electric load
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature

Supply fan

• Maximum air flow rate (optional)
• Specific power
• Working hours (Always on / Only with active ventilation)
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat  losses fraction in air stream
  • Part-load power coefficients (Inlet vane dampers / Outlet dampers / Variable speed motor / ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G / Variable speed motor pressure reset)
  • Automatic air flow calculation (Simultaneous / Total)

Free cooling (optional)

Heat recovery (optional)

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Supply fan (optional)

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Part-load power coefficients (Inlet vane dampers / Outlet dampers / Variable speed motor / ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G / Variable speed motor pressure reset)

Dehumidification (optional)

The dehumidification of the air is carried out by its cooling and subsequent reheating.

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.

Humidification with steam (optional)

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.
• Steam flow, nominal
• Humidifier rated electric power (optional)

Cooling (optional)

• Cooling coil (Cold water)
  This sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Cold water
    • Chilled-water system
      Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature

Heating (optional)

• Heating coil (Direct expansion / Electric / Gas)
  Sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Gas heating coil efficiency
      • Parasitic electric load
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature

Supply fan

• Advanced configuration
  • Working hours (Always on / Only with active ventilation)
  • Automatic air flow calculation (Simultaneous / Total)

• Single fan
  • Main fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power

• Dual fan
  • Cooling duct fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power
  • Heating duct fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power

Free cooling (optional)

Heat recovery (optional)

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Return fan (optional)

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream

Dehumidification (optional)

The dehumidification of the air is carried out by its cooling and subsequent reheating.

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.

Humidification with steam (optional)

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.
• Steam flow, nominal
• Humidifier rated electric power (optional)

Cooling (optional)

• Cooling coil (Cold water)
  This sets the characteristics of the cooling coil:
  • Cold water
    • Chilled-water system
      Allows users to select a chilled-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature
    • Temperature control
      • Maximum temperature
        This option calculates the supply air temperature needed to overcome the cooling demand of the critical zone at the maximum supply flow rate. This temperature shall be as high as possible. Therefore, this strategy minimises the cooling generator consumption in exchange for higher fan consumption.
      • Minimum temperature
        This option calculates the supply air temperature needed to overcome the cooling demand of the critical zone at the maximum supply flow rate. This temperature shall be as low as possible. Therefore, this strategy minimises the cooling generator consumption in exchange for higher fan consumption.
        • Minimum air flow fraction
          The minimum air flow fraction must match the one defined in the terminal units connected to this unit.

Heating (optional)

• Heating coil (Direct expansion / Electric / Gas)
  This sets the characteristics of the heating coil:
  • Hot water
    • Hot-water system
      Allows users to select a hot-water system defined in the "Air conditioning systems" section.
  • Electric
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
  • Gas
    • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Advanced configuration
      • Gas heating coil efficiency
      • Parasitic electric load
  • Advanced configuration
    • Automatic sizing options
      • Design supply temperature

Supply fan

• Advanced configuration
  • Horario de funcionamiento (Siempre encendido / Sólo con la Working hours (Always on / Only with active ventilation)
  • Automatic air flow calculation (Simultaneous / Total)

• Simple fan
  • Main fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power

• Dual fan
  • Cooling duct fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power
  • Heating duct fan
    • Motor efficiency
    • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Maximum air flow rate (optional)
  • Specific power

Free cooling (optional)

Heat recovery (optional)

• Sensible effectiveness
• Latent effectiveness (optional)
• Advanced configuration
  • Heat exchanger type (Plate / Rotary)
  • Frost control type (None / Exhaust air recirculation / Exhaust only / Minimum exhaust temperature)

Return fan (optional)

• Specific power
• Advanced configuration
  • Motor efficiency
  • Motor heat losses fraction in air stream
  • Part-load power coefficients (Inlet vane dampers / Outlet dampers / Variable speed motor / ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G / Variable speed motor pressure reset)

Dehumidification (optional)

The dehumidification of the air is carried out by its cooling and subsequent reheating.

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.

Humidification with steam (optional)

• Relative humidity setpoint
• Control zone
  The control zone is that which contains the thermostat associated with this equipment. A zone that contains a terminal unit connected to this equipment must be selected.
• Steam flow, nominal
• Humidifier rated electric power (optional)

Water-cooled systems include condensing systems for reversible heat pumps, using cooling towers and boilers, condensing systems for chillers, using single or two-speed cooling towers, and water-cooled systems at a defined, constant or time-controlled temperature.

Equipment

Boiler

• Reference
  Reference of the unit.
• Heating
  • Gross rated capacity (optional)
    • Sizing factor
  • Rated efficiency
    If the performance curve is not defined, the efficiency value of the boiler measured at the following nominal conditions must be given:
    • Conventional boiler: water outlet at 82°C / Condensing boiler: water inlet at 70°C.
  • Fuel type (Electricity / Natural gas / LPG / Diesel / Coal / Biomass / Densified biomass (pellets))
• Design parameters
  • Water outlet upper temperature limit
  • Minimum part load ratio
  • Maximum part load ratio
  • Optimum part load ratio
• Performance curves
  • Default
    • Conventional boiler / Condensing boiler
  • User-defined

Cooling tower

• Reference
  Reference of the unit.
• Cooling tower
  • Tower type (Single speed / Two speed)
  • Free convection capacity
  • Sizing factor
• Consumption
  • In single-speed cooling towers:
    • High speed nominal power (optional)
    • High speed fan power (optional)
  • In two-speed cooling towers:
    • High speed nominal power (optional)
    • High speed fan power (optional)
    • Low speed nominal power (optional)
    • Low speed fan power (optional)

Water distribution

• Design parameters
  • High temperature design setpoint
  • Low temperature design setpoint
  • Design delta temperature
  • Type of fluid (Water / Ethylene glycol / Propylene glycol)
• Circulating pump
  • Configuration (Variable flow / Constant flow)
  • Control (Intermittent / Continuous)
  • Primary loop pump type (Single pump / Pump per chiller / Two headered pumps / Three headered pumps / Four headered pumps / Five headered pumps)
  • Primary loop pump rated head
• Primary loop pump rated head
  • Load distribution scheme (Optimal / Sequential load / Uniform load / Uniform PLR / Sequential uniform PLR)
• Piping system configuration
  • Supply side bypass pipe (optional)
  • Demand side bypass pipe (optional)

Equipment

Cooling tower

• Reference
• General parameters
  • Tower type (Single speed / Two speed)
  • Free convection capacity
  • Sizing factor
• Consumo
  • In single-speed cooling towers:
    • High speed nominal power (optional)
    • High speed fan power (optional)
  • In two speed cooling towers:
    • High speed nominal power (optional)
    • High speed fan power (optional)
    • Low speed nominal power (optional)
    • Low speed fan power (optional)

Water distribution

• Design parameters
  • Design setpoint temperature
• Circulating pump
  • Setpoint temperature control (Depending on the outdoor air wet bulb temperature / Design setpoint temperatur)
  • Load distribution scheme (Optimal / Sequential load / Uniform load / Uniform PLR / Sequential uniform PLR)
• Operating parameters
  • Setpoint temperature control (Depending on the outdoor air wet bulb temperature / Design setpoint temperatur)
  • Load distribution scheme (Optimal / Sequential load / Uniform load / Uniform PLR / Sequential uniform PLR)
• Piping system configuration
  • Supply side bypass pipe (optional)
  • Demand side bypass pipe (optional)

Heat transfer fluid

• Temperature (Constant / Hourly profile
• Fluid type (Water / Ethylene glycol / Propylene glycol)

Circulating pump

• Control (Intermittent / Continuous)
• Configuration (Variable flow / Constant flow)
• Primary loop pump type (Single pump / Pump per chiller / Two headered pumps / Three headered pumps / Four headered pumps / Five headered pumps)
• Rated head

Automatic sizing options

The flow rate of the condensing circuit is equal to the sum of the flow rates defined in the condenser of the units connected to the circuit. If these flow rates have not been defined, the analysis engine will automatically size them, using the design temperature and design temperature difference values.

• Design temperature
• Design temperature difference