The following new types of cold-formed steel have been added for the EAE 2011 code (Spain) and Eurocodes 3 and 4 (EU):
- DX 51 D+Z
- DX 52 D+Z
- DX 53 D+Z
- HX 260 LAD
- HX 300 LAD
- HX 340 LAD
- HX 380 LAD
- HX 420 LAD
Update history
CYPE 3D
The possibility to add comments to the project has been implemented. The comments are managed in the “Job description” dialogue box (File > Job description).
The comments users add can be included in the Project report. This improvement allows, for example, users to manage a history of comments, modifications or revised versions of the project.
Decree 945 of 5 June 2017 published by the Ministry of Housing, City and Territory of the Republic of Columbia partially modifies the “Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente NSR-10”.
In the 2018.c version of CYPE programs, the changes indicated in this decree, which affect CYPECAD and CYPE 3D, have been implemented. These changes allow users to select certain municipalities that were previously omitted in the NSR-10 Regulation.
The municipalities that have been added are: Norosí (Bolívar), Guachené (Cauca), San José de Uré (Córdoba), Tuchín (Córdoba), Nariño (Nariño) and Coveñas (Sucre).
As of the 2018.a version, CYPE 3D includes the analysis, design and check of prequalified connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358-10 (Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications) and ANSI/AISC 341-10 (Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings).
Prequalified connections are applied to Special Moment Frames (SMF) and Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) as indicated in the ANSI/AISC 341-10 code.
It is possible to define prequalified connections in projects in which the rolled and welded steel code: ANSI/AISC 360-10, has been selected.
Implemented prequalified connections
The prequalified connections that have been implemented in the program are:
- 4E four-bolt unstiffened
- 4ES four-bolt stiffened
- 8ES eight-bolt stiffened
Nodes with interaction of several beams
Column-beam prequalified connections can be part of a node interacting with connections of other beams, which can or cannot be prequalified connections. For example:
- Prequalified 4E connection to the flange of the column and moment connection to the web of the column and ordinary front plate.
- Prequalified 8E connections to the flanges of the column and pilled connection using lateral plate to the web of the column.
Checks and drawings
As well as the checks carried out on the connection in accordance with the ANSI/AISC 360-10 rolled steel code, specific checks of the ANSI/AISC 341-10 and ANSI/AISC 358-10 codes are carried out. The check report displays the chapter of the code in accordance which the check is performed.
Operation in CYPE 3D
For CYPE 3D to carry out the analysis, design and check of prequalified connections of columns and beams, the following conditions must be met:
- The rolled steel code must be ANSI/AISC 360-10
- The bars reaching the node must be column-type and beam-type
- The earthquake-resistant system assigned to the bars reaching the node must be that of Special Moment Frames (SMF) or Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF).
When the type of earthquake-resistant system is assigned to columns and beams, it is also possible to:
- Define the height of the higher floor to check the shear in the node panel
This parameter can be calculated by the program or established by users. It is used to calculate the shear of the column above that would affect the check of the shear in the node panel. - Check as connection without lateral support in the direction of the seismic frame
Users can choose whether or not to carry out this option depending on the bracing there may be in the elements of the connection. This check is only carried out for SMF frames. - Free span of the beam, between column faces
Value required to calculate the moment at the face of the column, this value can be calculated by the program or provided by users.
As of the 2018.a version, CYPE 3D allows for the main specifications and requirements linked to the three most common seismic resistant systems defined in the American AISC 341-10 code (Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings) to be included in the design of welded and rolled steel structural elements:
- Moment-resisting frames
- Frames with concentric bracing
- Frames with eccentric bracing
Also implemented is the analysis, design and check of Prequalified Connections in accordance with the ANSI/AISC 358-10 and ANSI/AISC 341-10 codes. The design and check of Prequalified Connections are exposed in detail in the section on “Prequalified connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358-10 and ANSI/AISC 341-10” of this webpage. These connections are applied to earthquake-resistant systems composed of “Moment-resisting frames”.
The following sections describe the three earthquake-resistant systems that are contemplated and the types into which they are sub-divided. The checks carried out by CYPE 3D for each type of system are described in the “Checks carried out” section of the “CYPE 3D, Earthquake-resistant systems in accordance with ANSI/AISC 341-10, and prequalified connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358-10 and ANSI/AISC 341-10” webpage, which will be available shortly.
Moment-resisting frames
Unbraced frames or moment-resisting frames are an assembly of straight beams and columns connected to one another with welds, bolts or both. The bars making up these frames are mainly exposed to bending moments and shear forces, which control their design.
The specifications of AISC 341-10 consider three types of moment-resisting frames in accordance with the grade of ductile behaviour considered in the design. The fundamental difference between them is that they are designed with different energy dissipation levels:
- OMF – Ordinary Moment Frames (AISC 341-10, E1)
- IMF – Intermediate Moment Frames (AISC 341-10, E2)
- SMF – Special Moment Frames (AISC 341 -10, E3)
Frames with concentric bracing
This type of structure is characterised because the central axes of the component structural members are cut at a point, forming a grid-like structure. This is why lateral actions mainly induce axial forces in the bars of the braced frame.
The specifications of AISC 341-10 consider two categories for concentrically braced frames depending on the expected performance level:
- OCBF – Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (AISC 341-10, F1)
- SCBF – Special Concentrically Braced Frames (AISC 341-10, F2)
Frames with eccentric bracing
In eccentrically braced frames, axial forces induced in the braces are transferred via shear forces and moments in segments of a reduced length (e), called links, where energy, due to creep of the steel, is dissipated. The links represent “structural fuses”, which should be detailed adequately to avoid local buckling and other instability phenomena from degrading the response.
The specifications of AISC 341-10 consider a single category of frames with eccentric bracing:
- Eccentrically braced frames – EBF (AISC 341-10, F3)
Assignment of earthquake-resistant systems in CYPE 3D
Users can assign earthquake-resistant properties to a bar using the “Earthquake-resistant system” option of the “Bar” menu. This option is only available if the selected rolled steel code is “ANSI/AISC 360-10”.
Users can freely assign the earthquake-resistant properties to bars and in accordance with their own criteria. Logically, it should be coherent with the geometry of the frame.
Bars that have been assigned earthquake-resistant systems must be rolled or welded steel bars and be defined as Generic bars, Columns or Beams.
- Generic structural elements (bracing)
Generic-type bars are those which are going to be used as bracing, and so, it is only possible to assign OCBF, SCBF or EBF systems to them. - Column-type structural elements
Any of the indicated earthquake-resistant systems (OMF, IMF, SMF, OCBF, SCBF or EBF) can be assigned to Column-type bars in the direction of the local “Y” and “Z” axes. The earthquake-resistant system can be different in either direction.
When checking prequalified connections and if the selected earthquake-resistant system is IMF or SMF, it is possible to indicate if the “Height of the higher floor to check the shear in the node panel” is calculated by the program or if it is indicated by users. It is also possible to activate the option: “Check as connection without lateral support in the direction of the seismic frame”, which is applicable to connections of SMF-type frames. More information on these two options can be found in the sub-section: “Operation in CYPE 3D” (including the section: “Prequalified connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358-10 and ANSI/AISC 341-10”). - Beam-type structural elements
Beam-type bars can be assigned any of the indicated earthquake-resistant systems (OMF, IMF, SMF, OCBF, SCBF or EBF) if the “Beam” option is selected as the “Element”. If users select the “Link” option as the “Element”, no type of system will be available to be assigned, because “Links” correspond to EBF earthquake-resistant systems, which is the type that is assigned automatically.
When checking prequalified connections, if the “Beam” option is selected as the “Element”, users can mark if the “Free span of the beam, between column faces” is to be calculated by the program or defined by users. More information on these two options can be found in the sub-section: “Operation in CYPE 3D” (including the section: “Prequalified connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358-10 and ANSI/AISC 341-10”).
Norma Brasileira ABNT NBR 6118 (2014). Projeto de estruturas de concreto – Procedimento.
Implemented in Embedded retaining walls and Reinforced concrete cantilever walls. This code was already implemented in CYPECAD, CYPE 3D and other CYPE programs.
As of the 2017.i version, CYPECAD and CYPE 3D allow users to work on several projects simultaneously.
Once a project has been opened in CYPECAD or CYPE 3D, users can access the general program menu to open another file of these programs and work on it or on both projects at the same time.
This allows users to, for example, edit the results of a structure that has already been analysed or introduce a new structure whilst another is being analysed. It is even possible to analyse several projects at the same time. The number of executions is not limited.
There is one limitation, it is not possible to keep the same file open more than once.
Código Reglamentario para el municipio de Puebla (2003). Implemented in CYPECAD and CYPE 3D.
As of previous versions, when users selected to carry out a seismic analysis with the NSR-10 code (Colombia), they could choose amongst several microzonations:
- Bogotá D.C.
- Cali (2005)
- Pereira
As of the 2017.e version, the Microzonation of Cali of 2014 has been included (Decree 411.0.20.0158 of 2014).
