Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures - Part 4: Design of fastenings for use in concrete.
Implemented in CYPE Connect and StruBIM Steel for checking anchors in concrete.
Update history
- Solutions
- StruBIM Steel
- Update history
StruBIM Steel
"Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete".
Implemented in CYPE Connect and StruBIM Steel for checking anchors in concrete.
Version 2023.a of the "CYPE Connect" and "StruBIM Steel" programs includes the analysis of the rotational stiffness of the connections. With this analysis option, users can obtain as results the resistant moment, initial stiffness, secant stiffness and classification of the connection (rigid, semi-rigid or pinned) of the steel section.
To obtain the "Moment - Rotation" graph, the program carries out an iterative process by analysing the rotation in different load steps. The resistant moment is obtained when any element in the connection (plates, sections, welds or bolts) no longer complies, i.e. its demand capacity ratio is greater than 100%.
The "Analysis" tab includes the "Rotational stiffness" tool in the top toolbar. If the tool is selected, the rotational stiffness analysis is run.
Furthermore, the "Analysis" tool has been renamed. In previous versions, the "Analysis" button was used to run the stress and deformed shape analysis. This button will now be called "Stress / Deformed shape".
The results can be viewed on the right-hand side of the "Analysis" tab. The top drop-down menu allows users to choose the type of results to be displayed, "Stress/Deformed shape" or "Rotational stiffness". By selecting "Rotational stiffness" the program displays two tables and the "Moment - Rotation" graph.
The first table shows all the analysed bars with their secant stiffness and the connection classification in each plane. The second table shows the load cases analysed for the selected bar. Each load case will indicate the acting moment, the resistant moment, the secant stiffness and the initial stiffness.
The graph shows the curves for "Moment - Rotation", "Acting moment of the selected load case", "Resistant moment", "Ultimate stiffness for rigid connections (Sj,1)" and "Ultimate stiffness for pinned connections (Sj,2)".
As a result of implementing the rotational stiffness analysis, the following changes have been made to existing tools in the program:
- Selecting bars and load cases
Using the "Loads" button, the dialogue box is launched allowing users to select the bars from which the rotational stiffness of their connection is to be analysed. In the centre of this dialogue box, there are two tabs for defining the load tables, per load case. The "Rotational stiffness" tab requests a list of loads, the lengths of the elastic bar in the structural model (used to establish the limit stiffnesses of rigid or pinned connections) and the kb factor.
- Generating from the BIM model
By using the "Generate from BIM model" button, the dialogue box for applying filters and importing loads is launched. This version also includes options for importing loads for the rotational stiffness analysis. In addition to the loads, the elastic lengths of the bars in the structural model are also imported, these lengths are necessary in order to classify the connection correctly. Five options are provided for importing load cases depending on the forces:- Maximum moments, with simultaneous forces
Imports load cases that have larger My or Mz moments, either positive or negative, as well as all other simultaneous forces. - Maximum moments, without the other forces
For the maximum moment load cases, only the values of My and Mz are imported. - Maximum moments by plane, with simultaneous forces
Imports load cases with maximum moments and their simultaneous forces per plane, i.e. creates load cases with forces per plane (XY and XZ). - All
Imports all load cases. - None
Does not import any load case.
- Maximum moments, with simultaneous forces
- Classifying the connection
In order to classify the connection as rigid, semi-rigid or pinned, the limit stiffnesses for rigid and pinned connections are first established. Depending on the selected steel code, the initial stiffness or the sectional stiffness is compared with these limits.
In version 2022.e, the importation of sections from the BIM model has been improved. It is now possible to select or modify the sections for each of the typologies defined in the IFC file.
In the "Bars" step of the BIM model import assistant, a list of detected section types is displayed. In the "Cross section" column, the section to be assigned in CYPE Connect will be indicated. By clicking on each cell, the cross section and material selection panel can be accessed.
When possible, the program generates a proposal based on the information available in the BIM model. Users can select the sections they wish to import as well as carry out manual assignments when deemed necessary or when automatic detection has not been possible. The assignment made is saved for subsequent imports.
The possibility of using the predefined section libraries that are available in other structure design software such as CYPECAD and CYPE 3D has been incorporated.
As of version 2022.e, users can select the load cases to be considered when analysing a joint. To do this, the "Acting" column has been added to the table in the "Load case" dialogue box, allowing the desired load cases in the analysis to be activated or deactivated.
Version 2022.d implements the analysis and checking of steel connections according to the following standard:
- IS 800: 2007 (India)
"Indian Standard. General construction in steel - Code of practice"
As of version 2022.f of CYPE Connect and StruBIM Steel, users can now model and design elements anchored to concrete. To do this, the "Anchors" and "Concrete" features have been included for modelling the connection.
- Anchors
The "Anchors" feature allows users to introduce the anchor elements of a steel plate or section into a concrete block. The program allows users to design the connection given the geometrical layout of the fastenings, as well as their geometrical and mechanical properties. There is a choice of different types of anchors, either welded or bolted.
The anchorage can be made either to a new concrete block defined in the operation itself or to an existing block that has been previously defined.
- Concrete
The "Concrete" feature allows users to enter a concrete block where the material, dimensions and position of the block are defined.
- Analysis
When the analysis is carried out, a finite element model is automatically generated that characterises the behaviour of the different components involved in the connection, considering the type of anchors and the properties of the concrete block. Once the analysis has been completed, the compressive strengths in the concrete can be checked. The anchors cannot yet be checked in version 2022.f, but their resulting forces can be consulted.
"Indian Standard. General construction in steel - Code of practice"
Implemented in CYPE Connect (CYPE Connect Steel) and StruBIM Steel for analysing and checking steel connections.
Two options have been implemented for adjusting a section or end plate "To the nearest face" or "To the furthest face" of sections. Up until version 2022.c, the part of the section we wished to adjust or connect (depending on the operation) had to be selected. With the new implemented options, the program will automatically detect the face.
Version 2022.c implements the design and checking of connections in accordance with the following codes:
- ABNT NBR 8800:2008 (Brazil)
"Projeto de estruturas de aço e de estruturas mistas de aço e concreto de edifícios". - BS 5950-1 (United Kingdom)
"Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 1". - Código Estructural (Spain)
"Código Estructural (Real Decreto 470/2021)".
Along with the implementation of the Brazilian and UK codes, libraries including materials, sections and bolts typically used in Brazil and the United Kingdom have been added.
"Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 1".
Implemented in CYPE Connect Steel and StruBIM Steel for checking steel connections.
