CYPECAD

In the seismic analysis of the structure, CYPECAD can design structural beams as primary or secondary beams, depending on their role in the earthquake-resistant structure (Beam Definition > Beams/Walls > Secondary beams). Secondary beams are not considered as being part of the structural system to resist seismic loads hence, these elements do not need to be designed specifically for that.

The stiffness of the secondary beams, for seismic loadcases, is reduced depending on the value defined in the “Inertia reduction factors” dialogue box (“Project” > “General options”). The mass of the secondary beams is taken into account.

As for the capacity checks, users can indicate how the secondary beams are to be considered depending on their judgement. The following options can be activated in the “Secondary beams against seismic action” dialogue box (“Project” > “General data” > “Design options for steel bars” > “Beam options” “Design/Code check”):

• Check capacity design in secondary beams against seismic action.
  
• Consider secondary beams against seismic action when carrying out the capacity design checks of the remaining elements.
  
• Consider seismic design prescriptions for longitudinal reinforcement quantities and stirrup spacing.
  

As of the 2017.a version, the program allows users to assign continuity to joists of the panels selected by users. In the “Type of span to calculate the deflection” (Slabs > “Joist continuity”) dialogue box, CYPECAD allows users to select two types of continuity for steel and timber joists:

• Span with continuous overhang
  It is to be used for joist overhangs, so the joists have continuity.
  
• Isolated span
  This option is to be used to join two continuous panels, so the program treats the two joists as if it were a single element.

It is important to note that in the analysis of the panels with continuity, due to differences in stiffness, the results will not be the same if the analysis is carried out with the first section of the series or if the analysis begins with an intermediate section. Therefore, as occurs with the design of other steel and timber elements, an option has been added for steel and timber joists in the “Design options” dialogue box (which appears once the “Analyse” option has been selected when there are steel or timber elements present).

Users can, as of previous versions, introduce generic-type structural timber elements in the integrated structures of CYPECAD and CYPE 3D using the “Timber sections” module.

In the 2017.a version, the “Timber sections” module has further features and allows users to introduce beam-type structural timber elements in CYPECAD and CYPE 3D. By introducing the timber beams as that type of structural element instead of generic timber beams, allows specific beam checks to be carried out, and use the “Advanced beam editor” to edit and design these elements.

The codes implemented for the design and check of the timber joist floor slabs and beams are:

• CTE-DB -SE-M (Spain)
• Eurocode 5
• Eurocode 5 France
• Eurocode 5 Belgium
• NBR 7190:1997 (Brazil)
  

To adapt the program to the current market, timber sections have been created, distinguishing between sawn timber and laminated timber, and including the DUO/TRIO series, which are currently very much in use.

CYPECAD and CYPE 3D also carry out a fire resistance check for timber beams using the “Fire resistance check” module.

For CYPECAD and CYPE 3D to be able to analyse and design timber beams and generic timber bars, the user licence must include, as well as the permits corresponding to CYPECAD and/or CYPE 3D, the “Timber beams” module. If, users also wish to check the fire resistance of these elements, they must also hold the “Fire resistance check” module permits.

More information on the introduction, analysis and design of timber beams in CYPECAD and CYPE 3D can be found on the “Timber sections” webpage.

The codes implemented for the design and check of the timber joist floor slabs and beams are:

• CTE-DB -SE-M (Spain)
• Eurocode 5
• Eurocode 5 France
• Eurocode 5 Belgium
• NBR 7190:1997 (Brazil)
  

To adapt the program to the current market, timber sections have been created, distinguishing between sawn timber and laminated timber, and including the DUO/TRIO series, which are currently very much in use.

The sections that make up the timber joists are designed for simple bending, because due to the rigid diaphragm hypothesis, axial forces and forces in the plane of the floor slab are not considered.

The deflection checks for timber joists are obtained considering the deflection limits for the joist defined by users and the active deflection and long-term deflection.

CYPECAD also carries out a fire resistance check for timber beams using the “Fire resistance check” module.

For CYPECAD to be able to analyse and design joist floor slabs, the user licence must include, as well as CYPECAD, the “Timber joist floor slabs” and “Joist floor slabs (generic concrete beams)” modules. If, users also wish to check the fire resistance of these elements, they must also hold the “Fire resistance check” module permits.

More information on the introduction, analysis and design of timber joist floor slabs in CYPECAD can be found on the “Timber joist floor slabs” webpage.