CYPETHERM LOADS

Introduction

CYPETHERM LOADS is a program created to analyse the thermal load of buildings using the radiant time series method (RTSM), proposed by ASHRAE.

The program can import the necessary information extracted from other Open BIM tools so that the architectural and building models can be used as a base for the analysis of the thermal loads. This information can optionally be entered from scratch in CYPETHERM LOADS.

As a result of the analysis, reports on heating and cooling loads of the spaces and sets of spaces defined in the project are obtained. This information can be exported and used by other programs, e.g. for the development of air-conditioning systems.

Radiant Time Series Method

The Radiant Time Series Method (RTSM), proposed and recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for the calculation of cooling heat loads and detailed in its "Load Calculation Applications Manual" of 2010, is the most widely used method for the estimation of heat loads.

As a calculation method that separates the contributions of each input, it facilitates the analysis and understanding of the results by the project designer, which together with its accuracy, speed and low computational requirements, makes it a perfect method to improve the design of the building quickly and intuitively.

The CYPETHERM LOADS interface presents two tabs at the bottom of the main window with different working environments: "3D model" and "Thermal loads".

"Thermal loads" tab

The "Thermal loads" tab contains the tools to adjust the thermal model of the building, perform the thermal load analysis, and obtain its results.

This tab is in turn organised into three other tabs located at the top of the main window:

• "Thermal model" tab
  Checks and completes the thermal model of the building to be used in the analysis. The information in this tab can be obtained through an import of BIM models from BIMserver.center or generated from the information entered in the "3D model" tab.

• "Analysis" tab
  Analyses thermal loads and checks the results obtained through different reports and graphs.

• "Drawings" tab
  Manages the building plans, which describe the layout of the different building elements.

1. External walls
   • Entered from the "3D model" tab, "Building elements" group, "Walls and partitions", "External walls".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model", "Project", "Libraries", "Elements".
2. Partitions
   • Entered from the "3D model" tab, "Building elements" group, "Walls and partitions", "Partition".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model", "Project", "Libraries", "Elements".
3. Screed
   • Introducida desde la solapa "Modelo 3D", bloque "Elementos constructivos", "Forjados", "Solera".
   • Definida desde la solapa "Cargas térmicas", pestaña "Modelo térmico", panel "Proyecto", árbol "Bibliotecas", "Elementos".
4. Roof
   • Entered from the "3D model" tab, "Building elements" group, "Floor slabs", "Flat roof".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model", "Project", "Libraries", "Elements".
5. Windows
   • Entered from the "3D model" tab, "Building elements" group, "Openings", "Window or glazed opening".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model", "Project", "Libraries", "Openings".
6. Doors
   • Entered from the "3D model" tab, "Building elements" group, "Openings", "Door".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model", "Project", "Libraries", "Openings".
7. Spaces
   • Entered from the "3D Model" tab, "Spaces" group, "New".
   • Defined from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model" tab, "Project" panel, "Libraries", "Spaces".
8. Linear thermal bridges (generated from the "Thermal loads" tab, "Thermal model" tab, "Edges" group, "Edge processing").

When launching the app and clicking on “New“, a “New job“ can be created. After entering the “File name“ and “Description“, the job can then be integrated into an existing project in BIMserver.center.

This is done in the "Project selection" window, which has the following options:

• On the left-hand side, users can log in with a BIMserver.center account.
• On the right-hand side, the "Select project" option is used to choose an existing project. There is also the possibility to "Create a new project". In this case, the created project will be visible from BIMserver.centre from that moment on.
• The project can also be starting without being linked to the BIMserver.center platform. To do this, simply uncheck the box at the top left, "Link to a BIMserver.center project".

Once the new job has been created, the program interface is accessed, where the graphic window showing the model or models that have been imported stands out. At any time during the project, files can be shared or imported via the "BIMserver.center" group on the top right-hand side.

The 3D view of the program will then display the visualisation of the imported models. Furthermore, if necessary, the program will generate the thermal model and the libraries of elements from the existing data in the project or the selected directory. At this point, it will be possible to start detailing the libraries of types that have not yet been defined to continue working on the model.

• Options
  • Directory for searching typologies (optional)
  • Keep the types defined previously in the thermal model  (optional)
  • Keep the zones defined previously in the thermal model  (optional)
• Location data
  • Northern hemisphere / Southern hemisphere
    Selects the hemisphere where the project is located.
  • Use the location of the BIM model, if it is defined (optional)
    Completes the generation of shadows on the elements of the job by collecting the information of the elements of the site (such as nearby buildings or nearby obstacles) that are defined in the BIM model.

The definition of the spaces in the thermal model libraries is necessary to classify them as occupied or unoccupied, air-conditioned or only heated or cooled, as well as to detail the parameters relating to ventilation and internal heat gains, which affect the analysis of thermal loads by the program.

The tools for managing the space libraries of the thermal model are located in the "Thermal loads" tab under the "Thermal model" tab at the bottom and, in the "Project" definition area, in the "Libraries" tree located by default on the left-hand side.

• Space classification: Occupied

• Losses reduction factor 'b'
  Defines the loss reduction factor ‘b’, which regulates the transmission of heat from occupied spaces to the outside through unoccupied spaces.
  • Calculated
  • Custom
    • Force the losses reduction factor 'b'

• Air tightness (if the "Losses reduction factor 'b'" is "Calculated")
  The level of airtightness is defined according to the number of renovations/hour of the space:
  • Completely airtight (0.1/h)
  • Without ventilation openings (0.5/h)
  • Small ventilation openings (1/h)
  • Permanent ventilation openings (3/h)
  • Large or numerous ventilation openings (10/h)
  • Custom
    • Air change rate (h^-1)

• Space classification: Occupied

• Calculation conditions (Heated and cooled / Only cooled / Only heated)

• Cooling
  • Design indoor temperature (or Maximum indoor comfort temperature, if the space is only heated)
  • Design relative humidity
• Heating
  • Design indoor temperature (or Maximum indoor comfort temperature, if the space is only cooled)
  • Design relative humidity

• Ventilation/Infiltration
  • Ventilation (optional)
    • Heat recovery (optional)
      • Thermal efficiency (optional)
      • Hygrometric efficiency (optional)
    • Schedule (optional)
  • Infiltration (optional)
    • By "Flow" / Analysis in accordance with the EN 12831 code
    • Only with nil ventilation

• Internal heat gains (optional)
  • Occupancy (optional)
    • Sensible heat gain
    • Radiant friction
    • Latent heat gain
    • Schedule (optional)
  • Internal equipment (optional)
    • Sensible heat gain
    • Radiant friction
    • Latent heat gain
    • Schedule (optional)
  • Lighting (optional)
    • Sensible heat gain
    • Radiant friction
    • Latent heat gain
    • Schedule (optional)
  • Miscellaneous loads (optional)
    • Sensible heat gain
    • Radiant friction
    • Latent heat gain
    • Schedule (optional)

Schedules are used to define the percentage of use of the spaces over the hours of the day and months of the year, both for ventilation and for internal heat gains such as occupancy, lighting, internal equipment and other loads.

The schedules can be edited in the space libraries of the "Thermal model" tab, by checking the corresponding boxes in the "Ventilation/Infiltration" and "Internal heat gains" sections in the editing window of each space type

In the editing window of each schedule section, the program can modify the following data:

• Reference
  Schedule reference.
• Month / Type / Value (optional)
  For each month, a constant use percentage can be defined or a daily profile can be selected, which represents a variable use percentage.
  • Constant percentage
    On the right-hand side, the value of the constant percentage of use must be entered.
  • Daily profile
    A previously created daily profile must be selected in the "Available daily profiles" section, accessible by clicking on the button in the right-hand column.

Available daily profiles

This section is used to define a daily schedule, indicating a use percentage between 0 and 100 % for each of the 24 hours of the day. To do this, after creating or editing the daily usage profile, in the editing window that appears, click on the corresponding height on the graph to define the desired use percentage for each hour.

The definition of building elements in the thermal model libraries is necessary to detail the data related to their thermal behaviour, including the possibility of specifying the composition of material layers and the technical characteristics of each of them, such as thermal conductivity or thermal resistance. This data can be entered manually or based on different catalogues and reference standards with predefined materials and will affect the thermal load analysis carried out by the program.

The management tools for the libraries of building elements of the thermal model are located in the lower tab "Thermal loads", in the upper tab "Thermal model" and, in the "Project" definition area, in the "Libraries" tree located by default on the left-hand side.

General definition of building elements

When adding or editing an element type in the library, the following parameters must be configured:

• Type of element (Façade / Party wall / Partition wall / Curtain wall / Basement wall / Roof / Overhang / Intermediate floor slab / Screed)
• Reference
• Description
• Define by layers / Simplified input
  Specifies whether the thermal characteristics of the element are defined by entering the data for each of the component material layers or by a simplified definition.
• Absorptance (in elements such as "Façade", "Party wall", "Partition wall", "Roof", "Overhang", or "Intermediate floor slabs")
  The absorption fluctuates between 0 and 1. The value can be imported with the wizard available on the right:
  • Import absorptance
    The value of this coefficient is lower on light surfaces, and higher on dark surfaces.
• Soil thermal conductivity (in "Basement wall" or "Screed" type elements)
  The conductivity of the soil varies according to its type. The value can be imported with the wizard available on the right:
  • Importing the thermal conductivity according to the type of soil
    The lowest values correspond to gravels and silts; sands provide intermediate values, while rock provides higher values.

Additionally, the options in the right-hand column of the "Element" window allow the import of complete building systems from catalogues and databases such as the Open BIM Database.

Defining material layers

If the element is defined by layers, the program offers a table where the material layers of the element can be added, edited, copied, deleted or reordered:

• Define by layers
  • Layers
    When entering a material layer, the following parameters must be specified:
    • Reference
    • Type of layer
      A choice must be made as to whether the coating is solid, an air cavity or a vapour barrier.
      • Solid
        • Thickness
        • Density
        • Conductivity / Thermal resistance
        • Specific heat
        • Water vapour diffusion resistance factor
      • Air cavity
        • Thickness
        • Thermal resistance
      • Vapour barrier
        • Equivalent air thickness
    • Colour / Weave / Aspect of the material
      Adjusts the graphical representation of the layer material.

• Importing data
  The options in the right column of the "Layer" window allow the automatic import of material data from information provided by different catalogues and standards:
  • Open BIM Database manufacturer materials
  • Open BIM Database catalogue management
  • HULC library materials
  • Air chambers described in UNE-EN ISO 6946 
  • Materials described in UNE-EN ISO 10456
  • Materials described in EN ISO 10456
  • Representative materials (2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals)

• Punctual thermal bridges
  This table is used to declare the existence of point thermal bridges for each surface unit of the element, and their point thermal transmittance value (W/K).

• Linear thermal bridges
  This table is used to declare the existence of linear thermal bridges along the surface of the element, in horizontal or vertical direction, and their linear thermal transmittance value (W/(m-K)).

Simplified input

The simplified definition of the element type involves entering its global properties. This is useful if the layer-by-layer data is unknown, if these properties are available or if they have been analysed outside the program.

• Simplified input
  • Thickness
  • Thermal resistance
  • Density
  • Specific heat
  • Thermal description
    • Heat transfer coefficient
    • Heat capacity per surface unit

Raised floor slab

Raised floor slabs are defined in the program as a specific type of floor slab. By selecting "Raised floor slab", the program allows users to enter the information about the cavity under the slab and other data such as the following:

• Wind protection (Sheltered / Medium / Exposed)
• Area of ventilation openings per perimeter length of underfloor space
• Thermal transmittance of walls of underfloor space above ground level
• Soil thermal conductivity
• Average depth of the cavity floor below ground level
• Thermal resistance of the basement walls

Screed

In the case of screeds alone, peripheral insulation can be added and its characteristics can be defined:

• With edge insulation (optional)
  • Type of insulation (Vertical / Horizontal) 
  • Thermal resistance
  • Thickness
  • Thickness or depth
  • Soil thermal conductivity
    • Importing the thermal conductivity according to the type of soil

Specific options when defining curtain walls

"Curtain wall" type elements define the following characteristics:

• Reference
• "Glazed fraction" tab
  • Thermal transmittance (U)
  • Solar factor
• "Opaque fraction" tab (optional)
  • Thermal transmittance (U)
  • Opening opaque fraction
    This parameter is used to define the proportion of opaque elements covering the total surface of the curtain wall, in percentage.
  • Absorptance

Door library

Like the libraries of the other building elements, the door library can be accessed using the default tree on the left-hand side.

Each door typology entered requires the definition of the following characteristics:

• Reference
• Heat transfer coefficient
• Absorptance

Defining linear thermal bridges in the thermal model libraries allows users to detail their data, such as linear thermal transmittance. This data can be entered manually, imported from reference standard catalogues, or calculated using a linear finite element calculation model and will affect the thermal load analysis performed by the program.

The tools for managing the linear thermal bridge libraries in the thermal model of the building are located in the lower tab "Thermal loads", in the upper tab "Thermal model" and, in the "Project" definition area, in the "Libraries" tree located by default on the left-hand side.

• Reference
• Type
  The following types are available:
  • Slab-on-ground floor
  • Front of the slab
  • Outgoing corner
  • Incoming corner
  • Windowsill
  • Lintel
  • Jambs
• Description
• Psi (W/(m·K))
  Linear thermal transmittance.
• Value (Not defined / Entered / ISO 14683 / ISO 10211)
  Origin of the value.

• ISO 14683
  Imports the thermal bridging data collected in different types of the ISO 14683 standard.

The project element tree describes the structure and organisation of all the elements that make up the thermal model of the building, which will be used in the thermal load analysis and incorporates their geometrical data.

The management of elements of the building thermal model is carried out in the lower tab "Thermal loads", within the upper tab "Thermal model" and, in the "Project" definition area, in the "Project" tree located by default on the left-hand side.

The parameters of the elements arranged in this tree, including the spaces, building elements and linear thermal bridges, can be imported from the information of the different types of elements previously created in the libraries.

Groups

The "Group" option allows users to add a group in the project tree. Groups are groupings of spaces or other groups and the only data required is their reference:

• Reference
  Group reference.

Spaces

The "Spaces" option allows you to add a space in the project tree, either within a group or under the "Project" level. When adding a space, the program requires the following characteristics to be defined:

• Reference
  Space reference.
• Area
  Floor area of the space.
• Volume
  Air volume of the space.
• Lighting
  The value of installed lighting power in each space can be taken from the BIM lighting design model included in the BIMserver.center project.
  • Installed power (optional)
    The value of installed lighting power in each space can be taken from the BIM lighting design model included in the BIMserver.center project.
• Type
  Directly edits of the parameters describing the space. A type already configured in the space libraries can be loaded using the button in the top right corner, which opens the "Import" window, where the desired type can be selected.

The elements in each space are listed in a table with the following information:

• Type
  Type of element.
• Library
  Reference of the assigned library type.
• Area
  Element area.
• Adjacent space
  Reference of the adjacent space (in partition walls and slabs between floors).
• Checked
  By ticking the box in this column, the item is indicated as checked.
• Warnings
  Warnings on each element.

• Exterior door / Exterior window
  • Area
  • Tilt angle
  • Orientation
  • Shadows
    • Without external shading
    • Simplified input
      • Constant shade percentage
    • Detailed input
      • Shading diagram
  • Types

• Interior door / Interior window
  • Area
  • Adjacent space
    • Unknown space
      • Correction factor
    • Adjacent space
      • Select space
    • Adiabatic element
  • Types

The openings in each space are listed in a table with the following information:

• Type
  Type of openings.
• Library
  Reference of the assigned library type.
• Area
  Opening area.
• Recinto colindante
  Reference of the adjacent space (in interior openings).
• By ticking the box in this column, it is indicated that the opening is checked.
• Warnings
  Warnings on each opening.

The data required by the program when entering the individual linear thermal bridges is as follows:

• Linear thermal bridges
  • Intervenes in the design (optional)
  • External / Internal
  • Adjacent space
    • Unknown space
      • Correction factor
    • Adjacent space
      • Select space
    • Adiabatic element
  • Length
  • Types

The linear thermal bridges of each space are listed in a table with the following information:

• Type
  Linear thermal bridge type (External / Internal).
• Library
  Reference of the assigned library type.
• Adjacent space
  Reference of the adjacent space (in interior linear thermal bridges).
• Length
  Linear thermal bridge length.
• ψ
  Linear thermal transmittance.
• Checked
  By ticking the box in this column, it is indicated that the linear thermal bridge is checked.
• Warnings
  Warnings on each linear thermal bridge.

Selecting elements in the model view

The model view in the "‘Thermal model" tab at the bottom right shows and illuminates the selected tree elements. Furthermore, by clicking on the view itself, users can select the elements in the tree, the type they are assigned to in the library, or the space where they are located.

Edge processing settings

In the "Edges processing" window that appears when using this option, the "Configuration" option is used to adjust the following edge processing parameters:

• Code
• Alineación del marco del hueco respecto al cerramiento (EN ISO 10211) (optional)
• Manual definition of the linear thermal transmittance coefficient

Code selection

The "Code" drop-down menu allows users to select the reference standard for edge processing. Among the available codes are the following:

The activation of this section allows the determination of the thermal transmittance in linear thermal bridges through the resolution and post-processing of a finite element heat transfer analysis model, based on EN ISO 10211.

This module is developed as part of the research project "Development of a software tool for the integration of the numerical analysis of thermal bridges in the calculation of the energy demand of buildings", financed by the Spanish centre for the development of industrial technology (CDTI), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and carried out in collaboration with the Energy Engineering Group of the Department of Industrial Systems of the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (Alicante).

For each type of thermal bridge, by clicking on the edit button on the right-hand side, the following three options can be selected, which allow the definition of its linear thermal transmittance to be adjusted:

• Never
  The thermal characteristics of the selected linear thermal bridge are not considered.
• Always
  Always considers the thermal characteristics that are defined for the selected linear thermal bridge. The program lets users enter a "Reference", a "Description" and the "Value of the linear thermal transmittance, ψ" for the type of bridge.
• Default value
  The thermal characteristics defined for the selected linear thermal bridge shall be used in the calculation when it has not been possible to determine them either by numerical analysis (if enabled) or following the specifications of the reference standard used. Similarly, the program lets users enter a "Reference", a "Description" and the "Linear transmittance value, ψ" for the bridge type, which will only be used in the case described.

Additionally, when selecting the "Always" or "Defaults" options, the program offers wizards on the right-hand side for automatically importing data from different code catalogues.

The data available for configuration is as follows:

• Location
• Latitude
• Longitude
• Elevation
• Foreground solar reflectance
• Time zone
• Daylight saving time (DST) (optional)
  • First month
  • Last month

• Heating design conditions
  Sets the data required for the analysis of heating loads:
  • Dry-bulb temperature
  • Relative humidity
  • Ground temperature

• Cooling design conditions
  Consults the data necessary for the analysis of cooling loads per month. By clicking on any cell in the table, the value of each magnitude for each month can be modified:
  • Design dry-bulb temperature
  • Mean coincident wet-bulb temperature
  • Daily dry-bulb temperature range
  • Daily wet-bulb temperature range
  • Clear sky optical depth for beam irradiance
  • Clear sky optical depth for diffuse irradiance

ASHRAE Weather Data Viewer 6.0

The climate data required for the analysis can be imported from ASHRAE's Weather Data Viewer 6.0 climate database, with 8118 stations located all over the world. Solar radiation data are calculated from ASHRAE's Clear-sky Solar Radiation model.

• WMO region
• Country
• Station name
• Annual percentile value (Heating) (99.6% / 99%)
• Annual percentile value (Cooling)
  • Annual temperatures (0.4% / 1% / 2%) 
  • Monthly temperatures (0.4% / 2% / 5%)
• Latitude
• Longitude
• Altitude

Importing data for Spain, France and Portugal

The origin of this data can be found in different reference standards for the countries mentioned. By clicking on the buttons with the flag symbols on the right-hand side, the exact location of the project in each of these countries can be defined. When accepted, the following data will be filled in:

• Location
• Latitude
• Longitude
• Altitude
• Heating design conditions
  • Dry-bulb temperature
  • Relative temperature
  • Ground temperature
• Cooling design conditions
  • Design dry-bulb temperature
  • Mean coincident wet-bulb
  • Average annual oscillation

Hypothesis

This option is used to add a zone hypothesis to the project.

When adding a zone scenario, the following information is required:

• Reference
  Zone scenario reference.

Zone

This option adds a zone within the selected zone scenario.

When entering a zone, the following data is required:

• Reference
  Zone reference.
• Space selection
  In this section, the project spaces to be assigned to this zone must be selected. Only those spaces that have not been previously included in other zones of the same hypothesis can be selected.

When using this tool, the program displays a window showing the analysis process, which will be carried out according to the selected methodology. When finished, it is possible to consult the calculation results by selecting the different elements in the project tree, located by default on the left-hand side.

Information in the "Hypothesis" level

If a zone hypothesis is selected in the tree, the program displays an information text in the central part of the interface with details on the heat load analysis method used.

Furthermore, with the "Full report" option a "Thermal loads report" can be generated for all zones defined in the selected hypothesis, containing the following information:

• Cooling
  • Zone cooling loads summary (External, Internal, Ventilation, Total)
    • Peak cooling loads per space
    • Zone simultaneous peak cooling load
• Heating
  • Zone heating loads summary (External, Internal, Ventilation, Total)
    • Peak heating loads per space
    • Zone simultaneous peak heating load
• Graphs
  • Simultaneous peak cooling load
  • Hourly peak cooling load progression
  • Annual peak cooling load progression
  • Peak heating load

• Cooling load
  Shows the hourly development of the cooling load, total solar irradiation and outdoor temperature for the selected month.
• Overview calculations
  Displays an informative text with details on the analysis of the cooling loads, including the analysis of the heat gains from conduction and solar radiation, and of the heating loads through the shaft.

• Cooling load
  Displays the hourly evolution of the cooling load and outdoor temperature for the selected month.
• Overview calculations
  Displays an informative text with details on the analysis of cooling loads and heating loads through the linear thermal bridge.

Views

In this area, located by default at the top of the left-hand side, users can select the view to be represented in the work area (plan views, 3D views, elevations, etc.). Views can be created and edited in the section of the same name in the "Thermal model" tab.

Hypothesis

This area, located at the bottom of the left-hand side, offers a navigation tree where users can select the zone hypotheses, the zones, the spaces or the elements, the openings and the linear thermal bridges they are composed of. In the work area, the program highlights the elements of the model associated with the level selected in the tree in orange.

Work area

The work area, in the centre of the interface, is a 3D environment where the representation of the model is displayed according to the selected view. The elements of the envelope are coloured according to the indicated key.

Key

In this area, located on the right, the drawing key is displayed, which indicates the "Details" of the graphic representation used for each element, its "Reference" and its "Description".

• Generate
  Generates the drawing plans after selecting the desired zone hypothesis.

• Options
  Manages the tag and colour of the model elements in the drawings.
  • "Label" group
    Modifies the label text, its symbol, text size and colour for each of the elements in the model:
    • Façade
    • Party wall
    • Partition wall
    • Curtain wall
    • Basement wall
    • Screed
    • Overhang
    • Intermediate floor slab
    • Roof
    • Door
    • Window
  • "Colour" group
    Modifies the representation colour of the elements of the model according to their category:
    • External vertical façade
    • Underground walls
    • Internal partition walls between spaces of different zones
    • Internal partition walls between spaces of the same zone
    • Floor slabs in contact with the outside
    • Slab-on-ground floors
    • Internal floor slabs between spaces of different zones
    • Internal floor slabs between spaces of the same zone

If necessary, after generating the drawings, clicking on each element in the work area opens an editing window where its properties and those of its label can be modified.

Consulting the results in the "Analysis" tab

After the calculation, the program can display the results on screen in the project tree of the "Analysis" tab, including the cooling and/or heating thermal loads of the zones, the spaces and each of the associated building elements, as well as various information such as graphs and descriptive texts of the analysis methodology used.

Graphical analysis of results

Using the options in the "Graphical analysis of results" group in the main toolbar of the "Analysis" tab, under the "Heat loads" tab, the analysed heat load values can be displayed in the "View" in the lower right-hand area by default. The zones or spaces are coloured and a colour scale is displayed as a key.

Select

Using the "Select" option, users can select whether the graphical analysis is carried out per zone or space, and which magnitude is used in the coloured representation of the values:

• Graphical analysis (optional)
  • Zone
    • Simultaneous peak cooling load / Peak heating load
    • Hypothesis
      Selection of the zone hypothesis to be represented.
  • Space
    • Peak cooling loads per space / Peak heating loads per space

Ranges

By default, the program shows the minimum and maximum values of each magnitude obtained in the analysis for the whole building. However, the colour scale can be adjusted in the dialogue box that appears when clicking on the "Ranges" option, which allows indicating specific ranges of minimum and maximum values defined for each magnitude:

• Simultaneous peak cooling load (optional) (Minimum, Maximum)
• Peak heating load (optional) (Minimum, Maximum)
• Peak cooling loads per space (optional) (Minimum, Maximum)
• Peak heating loads per space (optional) (Minimum, Maximum)

Reports by hypothesis and zone

The program generates reports with results for the zone hypotheses and zones, including the data calculated in all the spaces included in each of them. To do this, select the corresponding level in the project tree of the "Analysis" tab, either "Hypothesis" or "Zone", and click on the "Complete report" option.

Thermal load report and additional reports

Using the options in the "Reports" group of the main toolbar of the "Analysis" tab, in the "Thermal loads" tab, the following reports can be generated. The program allows you to print them directly or to generate HTML, PDF, TXT, RTF or DOCX files with their contents.

Thermal loads report

The program can be used to select the hypothesis and the zones to be listed, as well as to configure whether the load graphs are to be included. Once accepted, a multi-tab display is generated with the different cooling and/or heating thermal load reports, which include the calculated data for each of the hypotheses and the selected zones, and for each of the associated spaces.

Complementary reports

• Description of materials and building elements
  This report describes the building elements that make up the building envelope and the partitioning system (such as slab-on-ground floors, façades, roofs, vertical and horizontal interior partitions), including the definition of the layers of materials they are comprised of.
  
  It also lists the technical properties of the materials used, such as their density, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity or specific heat.
  
  The program uses the ISO 6946, ISO 10077, ISO 13370 and ISO 10456 standards to compile this data.

• Calculation of the reduction factor
  This report describes the calculation of the reduction factor b, which regulates the heat losses from heated spaces to the outside through unheated spaces, according to ISO 13789, as well as the calculated values for each space.

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